COURSE INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION INFORMATION

Course Name
Scientific Basis of Medicine III
Code
Semester
Theory
(hour/week)
Application/Lab
(hour/week)
Local Credits
ECTS
SBM 201
Fall
12
4
14
17
Prerequisites
None
Course Language
English
Course Type
Required
Course Level
First Cycle
Mode of Delivery -
Teaching Methods and Techniques of the Course
Course Coordinator
Course Lecturer(s)
Assistant(s)
Course Objectives The aim of the first part of this course is to encourage students to discuss the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, pregnancy and birth processes, the characteristic features of embryonic and fetal developmental stages. The aim of the second part is to learn the structure and functions of the skeletal muscles and joints, exercise types and importance for the health. The aim of the last part is to understand the organization and molecular structure of the nervous system, embryological developments of the central and peripheral nervous systems, structure and functions of the nervous system and sensory organs and more specifically concepts of neural transmission, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, their structures and receptors, signaling pathways and their metabolisms. The core bases of the human behavior, sensory perception and motor movements are controlled, high cortical functions, learning and memory mechanisms, and normal behavioral development will also be covered.
Learning Outcomes The students who succeeded in this course;
  • 1. Explain the structural, functional and embryological properties of male and female reproductive systems.
  • 2. Explain the embryonic and fetal development, and the mechanisms of postnatal changes
  • 3. Explain the structural and functional properties of bones and the mechanisms of construction-destruction cycle.
  • 4. Explain the developmental, structural and functional properties of the muscles of the human body.
  • 5. Explain the organization, development, cells and signaling mechanisms of the nervous system.
  • 6. Describe the parts of the peripheral nervous system and explain their functions.
  • 7. Describe the parts of the central nervous system and explain their functions.
  • 8. Explain the structures and divisions of autonomic nervous system; synthesis, metabolisms, receptors, mechanisms of action and effects of related neurotransmitters.
  • 9. Describe the macroscopic and microscopic properties of sensory organs, their embryologic development, and explain sensory perception.
  • 10. Explain the constitution of motion with related structures.
  • 11. Describe the structures and functions related to the neuroendocrine system and integrate this information with the concept of homeostasis
  • 12. Explain the structures and functions of the limbic system.
  • 13. Explain the structures and functions of the neuroendocrine system and integrate this information with the concept of homeostasis.
  • 14. Explain the mechanisms of pain formation and pain control.
  • 15. Describe the circulatory features of the central nervous system. Establish a functional relationship between the vessels and their related areas.
  • 16. Describe neurobiological basis of behavior.
  • 17. Classify the general drug groups affecting central nervous system (CNS) and explain their mechanisms of action.
  • 18. Describe viruses and explain the effects of microorganisms on the nervous system.
  • 19. By using the components of critical thinking, determine the arguments in a literature, identify the components and evaluate them.
Course Description In this course, the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, pregnancy and birth processes, the characteristic features of embryonic and fetal developmental stages, structure and functions of the skeletal muscles and joints, exercise types and importance for the health skeletal muscles, the organization of the nervous system, the embryological development of central and peripheral nervous systems, the structural and functional properties of neurons and glial cells, structure and function of nervous system parts, structure and function of sense organs, sensory perception, motor movement and behavior control, high cortical functions, learning and memory mechanisms will be addressed.
Related Sustainable Development Goals

 



Course Category

 Core Courses
X
Major Area Courses
Supportive Courses
Media and Managment Skills Courses
Transferable Skill Courses

 

WEEKLY SUBJECTS AND RELATED PREPARATION STUDIES

Week Subjects Required Materials
1 Introduction to the course, Macroscopic structures of the female reproductive system, Embryologic development of the female reproductive system, Microscopic structure of the female reproductive system, Female reproductive system and hormones, Macroscopic structure of the male reproductive system, Embryologic development of the male reproductive system, Microscopic structures of the male reproductive system, Male reproductive system and hormones, Anatomy Lab : Female reproductive system, Microscopy Lab : Female reproductive system, Anatomy Lab : Male reproductive system, Microscopy Lab : Male reproductive system, - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 327-362; 376-381; 382-391 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 790-820; 834-873 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 241-282 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong, 2012, 155
2 Early embryonic development, Embryonic period, Fetal period, Placenta and fetal membranes, Multiple pregnancies, Physiology of pregnancy and hormones, Systemic changes during pregnancy, Factors affecting embryological development, Psychological aspects of sexual pleasure, Steps of Scientific Thinking, Microscopy Lab : Embryonic development - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 11-36; 39-49; 51-67; 69-88; 91-104; 107-138
3 Vessels, lymphatics and nerves of the reproductive system, Pelvis and perineum, Physiology of Labor, Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms in pregnancy and birth, The physiology of transition from fetus to newborn, Evaluation of the newborn baby, Breast anatomy and axilla, Breast histology, Breast -hormonal mechanisms and breastfeeding, Breast milk and its health impact, Anatomy Lab : Pelvis and perineum, Anatomy Lab : Sectional anatomy of the pelvis and perineum - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 820-973; 981-1051; - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 385; 398-401
4 Quiz 1, Macroscopic organization of the central nervous system, Functional organization of the nervous system, Cells of the nervous system, Microscopic features of the nervous system, Embryological development of the nervous system, Microscopic features of peripheral nerves and ganglia, Neurotransmitter receptors (classification), Problem solving Cycle, Root Cause Analysis, Anatomy Lab : Peripheral nervous system, Anatomy Lab : Sectional anatomy of the nervous system, Dry Lab : Synaptic transmission, Microscopy Lab : CNS cells, peripheral nerves, ganglions, - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173; 181-313; 439-501; 508-656; 670-812; 820-973; 981-1051;1053-1075 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 53-62; 123-131; 255-276; 535-550; 685-701; 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 385; 398-401 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 392-403 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong, 2012, 155 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed. Lange. 2015, Chapter 49, 589-629
5 Meninges, ventricles, cisterns, Macroscopic structures of spinal cord, spinal nerves and plexuses, Microscopic structures of meninges, CSF, spinal cord, Functional organization of spinal cord, Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus, Bone cells, microscopic features of bone – ossification, Factors affecting bone formation Calcitonin – parathormone, Bone formation-degradation and repair mechanisms, Microscopy Lab : Compact and spongy bone, Microscopic features of muscle tissue, Muscle contraction, Microscopy Lab : Muscle tissue Dry Lab : Reflexes - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 820-973; 981-1051 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 214-242; 314-342; 356-392 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 337-353; 355-361; 379-387; 396
6 Head and neck muscles , Embryologic development of head and neck muscles – (pharyngeal arcs), Plexuses (lumbo-sacral, coccygeal), Trunk muscles and inguinal canal, Embryologic development of trunk and extremity muscles, Critical Analysis of Arguments Anatomy lab : Trunk muscles, inguinal canal and sectional anatomy Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 177-198 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 820-973 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 900-922 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 417-428
7 Upper extremity muscles, Lower extremity muscles, Energy metabolism of muscle, General features of joints, Muscle- joint-bone biomechanics, Contraction types, Components of physical activity, Physical fitness, Anatomy Lab : Upper extremity muscles, Dry Lab : Muscle fatigue EMG, Anatomy Lab : Lower extremity muscles, Sectional anatomy of the extremities, - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong 2012, 97-119 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173; 181-313; 439-501; 508-656; 672-812; 820-973; 981-1051 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 53-62; 123-131; 255-276; 535-550; 685-701; 837-854 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Lange. 30th Ed. 2015, Chapter 48 and 49, 589-629
8 Quiz 2, Macroscopic structures of cerebrum and cerebellum, Microscopic structures of cerebrum and cerebellum, Vessels of the central nervous system, Functional cortical areas, Brain stem, reticular formation, cranial nerves, Introduction of behavioral and social science, Individual and group reasoning Anatomy Lab : Nervous system Microscopy Lab : Nervous system Anatomy Lab : Cranial nerves, brain stem - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 53-62; 123-131; 255-276; 535-550; 685-701; 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 385; 398-401 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 392-403 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated
9 Diencephalon, limbic system, Biochemistry of the nervous system, Metabolic functions of the brain, Ascending and descending pathways, Somatic sensory processing, Somatomotor integration, Motor hierarchy, Motor control theories, Motor learning, Anatomy Lab : Diencephalon, basal ganglions, limbic system Dry Lab : Measurement of physical activity, Anatomy Lab : Functional anatomy of muscular and nervous systems, Discussion session -Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th Ed. 2014, 820-973 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 157-176, 227-254 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed. Lange. 2015, Chapter 49, 589-629
10 Midterm Exam Macroscopic structure of the eye, Microscopic structure of the eye, Embryological development of the eye, Oculomotor Movements, Optical diffraction, Visual physiology, RIM - Critical thinking, Movie session Visual perception Anatomy Lab : The eye Microscopy Lab : The eye - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 177-198 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 889-909 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 900-926 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 417-428
11 Macroscopic structure of the ear, Macroscopic structure of auditory pathways, Biophysics of Sound, Microscopic structure of the ear, Embryological development of the ear, Auditory physiology, Balance and postural control, Olfactory and gustatory systems Anatomy Lab : The ear Dry Lab : Diapason experiments - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 199-226 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 966-977 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Ed. 2015, 837-854 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Ed. 2016, 936-956 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Ed. 2016, 428-435 -Gilhooly, Lyddy, Pollick, Cognitive Psychology, McGraw-Hill Education - Europe, Middle East and Africa, 2014
12 Autonomic nervous system, Functions of hypothalamus, Autonomic nervous system - Parasymphatetic nervous system, Sympathetic nervous system, Stress management, States of consciousness, Drugs affecting the CNS (classification & mechanisms of action), RIM -Movie Discussion, Case study Anatomy Lab : Autonomic nervous system, Dry Lab : Parasympathetic nervous system Brain stem, reflexes Dry Lab : Sympathetic nervous system electro-dermal activity - Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott Boitano and Heddwen L. Brooks. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 25e, 2016, 255-268 -Breedlove S, Marc Watson, Neal &, Rosenzweig, Mark R. Biological Psychology, 6th Ed. 2010 - Katzung Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition 2018
13 Quiz 3 EEG, Diurnal rhythm, Viruses, Neurotransmitters, Learning (classical and operant conditioning, cognitive approaches), Drugs affecting the CNS (classification & mechanisms of action), The role of memory in behavior (Types of memory, forgetting and recalling), Molecular mechanisms in memory Dry Lab : EEG 1, EEG 2, Memory tests - Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott Boitano and Heddwen L. Brooks. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 25e, 2016 -Breedlove S, Marc Watson, Neal &, Rosenzweig, Mark R, Biological Psychology, 6th Ed. 2010 -Gilhooly, Lyddy, Pollick, Cognitive Psychology, McGraw-Hill Education — Europe, Middle East and Africa, 2014 -Jawetz Melnick & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. Geo. Brooks, 2013 - Katzung Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition 2018
14 Higher cortical functions, attention, decision making, thinking and reasoning, problem solving, Motor, cognitive and language development, Moral and social development, Theories about intelligence and factors affecting intelligence, RIM, Homework Presentations Dry Lab: Cortical areas, prefrontal cortex functions - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 283-298 -Breedlove S, Marc Watson, Neal &, Rosenzweig, Mark R, Biological Psychology, 6th Ed. 2010 -Gilhooly, Lyddy, Pollick, Cognitive Psychology, McGraw-Hill Education — Europe, Middle East and Africa, 2014
15 Anatomy lab demonstration, Personality and identity development, Motivation and emotion, Reward system and addiction, Neural plasticity, Neural plasticity and exercise, Does microbiota affect our behavior? Prions Dry Lab: Neural plasticity data interpretation -Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th Ed. 2014 - Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott Boitano and Heddwen L. Brooks. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 25e, 2016 -Breedlove S, Marc Watson, Neal &, Rosenzweig, Mark R, Biological Psychology, 6th Ed. 2010 -Gilhooly, Lyddy, Pollick, Cognitive Psychology, McGraw-Hill Education — Europe, Middle East and Africa, 2014 -Jawetz Melnick & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. Geo. Brooks, 2013
16 Pain, Basic mechanisms of action of substances affecting CNS, CIS, Discussion session Lab demonstration Midterm exam -Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th Ed. 2014 - Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott Boitano and Heddwen L. Brooks. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 25e, 2016, 157-175 - Katzung Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition 2018
17 Review of the Semester  
18 Final Exam
Course Notes/Textbooks
  1. Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7thEd.2014
  2. Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rdEd. 2015
  3. Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6thEd. 2016
  4. Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10thEd. 2016
  5. Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott Boitano and Heddwen L. Brooks. Ganong’s Review of ,Medical Physiology, 25e, 2016
  6. Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30thEd, Lange. 2015
  7. Jawetz Melnick&Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. Geo. Brooks, 2013
  8. Gilhooly, Lyddy, Pollick, Cognitive Psychology, McGraw-Hill Education — Europe, Middle East and Africa, 2014
  9. Breedlove, S. Marc; Watson, Neil V.; Rosenzweig, Mark R. Biological Psychology, 6thEd. 2010
  10. Katzung Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition 2018
  11. Hall, John E. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology, 2011
  12. Jonathan D. Kibble and Colby R. Halsey. Medical Physiology: The Big Picture, 2009
Suggested Readings/Materials
  1. Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases, 2nd Ed. Text with Interactive eBook (Blumenfeld). 2010
  2. Gavin Francis, Adventures in Human Being: A Grand Tour from the Cranium to the Calcaneum 1st Ed. 2015
  3. Linda Costanzo, Physiology Cases and Problems (Board Review Series) 4th Edition. 2012
  4. Barbara Young, Geraldine O'Dowd, Phillip Woodford, Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 6e (FUNCTIONAL HISTOLOGY (WHEATER'S)) 6th Ed. 2014
  5. Thomas W. Sadler, Langman's Medical Embryology, 13th North American Ed. 2015
  6. Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 2015
  7. Clinical Biochemistry, An Illustrated Colour Text. Gaw, Murphy, Srivastava, 2013

 

EVALUATION SYSTEM

Semester Activities Number Weigthing
Participation
Laboratory / Application
Field Work
Quizzes / Studio Critiques
Portfolio
Homework / Assignments
1
15
Presentation / Jury
Project
Seminar / Workshop
Oral Exam
1
10
Midterm
4
40
Final Exam
1
35
Total

Weighting of Semester Activities on the Final Grade
65
Weighting of End-of-Semester Activities on the Final Grade
35
Total

ECTS / WORKLOAD TABLE

Semester Activities Number Duration (Hours) Workload
Course Hours
(Including exam week: 18 x total hours)
18
12
216
Laboratory / Application Hours
(Including exam week: 18 x total hours)
18
4
Study Hours Out of Class
16
3
48
Field Work
Quizzes / Studio Critiques
5
Portfolio
Homework / Assignments
1
14
Presentation / Jury
Project
16
Seminar / Workshop
Oral Exam
1
20
Midterms
4
10
Final Exams
1
20
    Total
430

 

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM QUALIFICATIONS RELATIONSHIP

#
 Program Competencies/Outcomes
* Contribution Level
1
2
3
4
5
1

Explain the normal structure and functions of the human body at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and system levels, associate them with suggestions, practices and clinical situations (nutrition, exercise, vaccination, mental health, etc.); to protect and improve the health of individuals.

 X
2

Describe the mechanisms of diseases at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and system levels and make evidence-based decisions by associating them with disease findings, diagnosis and treatment approaches.

 X
3

Consider the ethical principles, scientific facts, legal regulations and the biopsychosocial and cultural characteristics of the patient in the medical decision making process. Place importance and respect the autonomy of patients and the confidentiality of patient information, within the framework of the law and the provisions of healthcare application standards.
4

Prioritize patient safety to minimize malpractice by carrying out risk assessment, take the necessary precautions, perform the necessary medical practice and record them.

 X
5

Communicate healthily, openly and effectively with healthcare workers, patients and their relatives, with the communication structured on empathy and care, trust and constructiveness; while being respectful to language, belief, race and cultural characteristics.

 X
6

By bearing in mind the patients’ values, beliefs, priorities, and needs; provide evidence-based options and include them in the decision making process.
7

Preserve our planet’s resources and consider its effects on the public and individual’s health, advocate to disseminate healthy lifestyle behaviors and modify factors that affect health adversely.
8

Reach current, valid and reliable information effectively using technology. Critically evaluate this information for solving problems in an evidence-based medical decision-making process, bearing in mind prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases.
9

Identify problems, create hypotheses, conduct research and employ teamwork to analyze results for generation and dissemination of health-related scientific knowledge.
10

By taking feedback and evaluating their performance, determine the areas and options for improvement and implement them within a plan.
11

Care for their own personal health, safety and appearance, take the necessary precautions in order to set an example for their colleagues and society.
12

Continuously renew themselves in their medical knowledge by always bearing in mind their commitment to lifelong learning principles.

 X
13

Using various communication tools, share their professionally gained knowledge in the field of healthcare, opinions, experiences, and evaluations with institutions, colleagues and the public.  Advocate for healthcare and contribute to developing policies to protect and improve it.

 X

*1 Lowest, 2 Low, 3 Average, 4 High, 5 Highest